A large plate of blackened material is oriented in such a manner that the solar energy that falls on the pl. Pdf energy, exergy and efficiency analysis of a flat. Flat plate collectors are used for residential water. Flat plate and evacuatedtube solar collectors are mainly used to collect heat for space heating, domestic hot water, or cooling with an absorption chiller. Flat plate solar collectors, solar collector apricus. After drying the grains, the milling quality can be tested. Solar resource information provides data on how much solar energy is available to a collector and how it might vary from month to month and year to year.
Concentrating collectors large areas of mirrors or lenses focus the sunlight onto a smaller absorber. Suzuki compared flat plate and evacuated tube collectors in term s of exergy 8. Nptel mechanical engineering solar energy technology. This is the structure type of heat absorbing plate which is widely used at home and abroad. Background solar thermal water heating or solar hot water shw has a long history of use throughout the world, but has had varying penetration in the u.
Strangely enough, many people weigh in, and take different sides. Theory of air based solar flat plate collectors 17. The latter usually accomplish a fluidtofluid exchange with high heat transfer. It is a flat conducting plate to which the tubes, fins, or passages are attached. Design considerations for flat plate solar water heater system. Freshly harvested paddy can be dried and it may take about 78 hours to bring the moisture content from 30% to 16% d. Flat plate thermal solar collectors are the most commonly used type of solar collector. The flat plate collector features a low profile design 80mm 3. Due to the introduction of selective coatings, the stagnant fluid temperature in flat plate collectors has. Flat plate collectors incidence angle modifier flat plate collectors.
Thermal and exergy analysis of solar air collectors with passive augmentation techniques. The tubesheet heat absorber is a flat plate solar collector heat absorber plate, which is formed by connecting the exhaust pipe and the flat plate in a certain way, and then welded with the upper and lower unglazed collectors. By the use of the computer program ms excel the amount of the produced heat energy for a flat plate solar collector with one glass cover, two glass covers and selective tracking the sun solar collector has been calculated and the results presented. The simplest flat plate collectors are the solar ponds and the solar stills which operate by direct utilization of the incident solar radiation acting simultaneously as solar energy converters. The development in solar photovoltaic is an emerging challenge for the solar. A typical flat plate collector is an insulated metal box with a glass. Graph 2 shows performance in a cool, cloudy region.
Like a red sox vs yankees type of rivalry, its a heated debate. Solar thermal flat plate collectors residential srqss00210 page2of4 1. Since the duct walls must support these plates, the effect is an additional pressure drop. Collectors are usually oversized in order to satisfy a heat demand and this increases their manufacturing cost. Thermal and exergy analysis of solar air collectors with. A typical flat plate collector is an insulated metal box with a glass or plastic cover called the glazing and a darkcolored absorber plate. Titanpower flat plate collectors do not come with hardware, but both flush and freestanding tilt mounting hardware is available for every flat plate collector. In contrast to solar hot water panels, they use a circulating fluid to displace heat to a separated reservoir. Nptel syllabus solar engineering technology video course course outline the need for alternate energy sources, potential of solar and wind options, advantages. Characteristic values of flat plate and evacuated tube collectors qcoll is the energy collected per unit collector area per unit time fr is the collector s heat removal factor. The flat plate collector used for heating the air has an efficiency of 60% and rise in ambient air temperature is oc. The plate heats up and transfers the heat to the fluid flowing through tubes in or near the absorber plate. Flat plate collectors are an extension of the basic idea to place a collector in an ovenlike box with glass in the direction of the sun. The first solar thermal collector designed for building roofs was patented by william.
Lecture 16 theory of air based solar flat plate collectors. Flatplate collector an overview sciencedirect topics. Solar thermal flat plate or evacuated tube collectors. Mod16 lec16 theory of air based solar flat plate collectors. Flat plate solar collectors flat plate solar collectors have been in service for the last 30 years, without significant changes in their design and operating principles. Satyamurty, department of mechanical engineering, iit kharagpur. This is an incredibly common question in the solar thermal industry. Nptel provides elearning through online web and video courses various streams. The apricus fpca32 flat plate solar thermal collector is suitable for residential or commercial solar water heating projects. The above performance equations assume that the sun is perpendicular to the plane of the collector, which rarely occurs. Most flat plate collectors have two horizontal pipes at the top and bottom, called headers, and many smaller vertical pipes connecting them, called risers. Work and properties of different components of a flat plate collector absorber plate. One inch female copper sweat inletoutlet connections.
Flat plate collector is basically a black surface that is placed at a convenient path. Flat plate collectors flat plate collectors are the most common solar collector for solar waterheating systems in homes and solar space heating. Flat plate collectors over 350 solar and environmentally responsible products, solar directs online source for solar panels, solar installations and more. Liquid flat plate collector solar flat plate collector is one of the important applications in solar thermal system. This manual provides solar radiation values for common flatplate and concentrating collectors for 239 stations in the united states and its territories.
Lecture 17 theory of air based solar flat plate collectors cont. This acts as a source of insulation, reducing heat losses from the collector and making the product very efficient. Mod12 lec12 theory of flat plate collectors liquid. The importance of flatplate collectors is that their thermal performance can be predicted and treated in considerable detail. Evaluation of heat loss coefficients in solar flat plate collectors article pdf available in journal of engineering and applied sciences 45 january 2009 with 5,700 reads how we. Lecture theory of flat plate collectors liquid based b lecture 14 theory of flat plate collectors liquid based c lecture 15 mean temperature and heat capacity effects.
For the glass cover plates of a flat plate collector, specular reflection of radiation occurs thereby reducing the product. The flat plate systems normally operate and reach the maximum efficiency within the temperature range from 30 to 80 o c kalogirou, 2009, however, some new types of collectors that employ vacuum insulation can achieve higher temperatures up to 100 o c. A typical flat plate collector consists of an absorber plate in an insulated box together with transparent cover sheets. Lecture series on energy resources and technology by prof. Performance analysis of flat plate solar air collectors. A flat plate collector is an insulated, weatherproofed box containing a dark absorber plate. The effect of collector aspect ratio on the collector efficiency of upwardtype flat plate solar air heaters. The collector concept was originated by winston in 1978.
For flow at 20 ms past a thin flat plate, estimate the distances x from the. The concentration ratio up to 10 can be achieved in the nontracking mode easily. This article examines the theoretical aspects of choosing a tilt angle for the solar flat plate collectors used at. High performance flat plate solar thermal collector evaluation. Evacuated tube collectors use glass tubes in which a vacuum is created. Aluminum absorber plate with selective black coating. A solar flat plate air collector was manufactured in the north of iran, and connected to a room as the model to study the possibility of using such solar heating systems in the northern parts of. Graph 1 demonstrates collector performance in a warm region. Evaluation of heat loss coefficients in solar flat plate. Flat plate solar collector flat plate collectors, developed by hottel and whillier in the 1950s, are the most common type of solar collector which are widely used for domestic household hotwater heating and space heating, where the demand temperature is low. Solar radiation flat plate collectors and their materials, applications and performance, focusing of collectors and their materials, applications and performance. Banerjee,department of electrical engineering, iit kharagpur. On this channel you can get education and knowledge for general issues and topics you can sponsor us by sign up by clicking on this link.
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